Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Cornmeal Cookies

These are delicious!

Ingredients:
1/2 cup unsalted butter
1/2 cup white sugar
1/4 cup brown sugar
1 tsp vanilla
1 egg
2  tsp honey
1/2 tsp salt
1 cup flour
1/2 tsp baking soda
3/4 cup cornmeal

Preheat oven to 350ºF. Mix ingredients together. Bake for 6-8 minutes. Enjoy!

For video instructions, please click here.


Friday, March 6, 2020

Fine Cakes from 1587 vs. Fine Cakes from 1615

This was an experiment to see which Fine Cakes recipe was better: 1587 by Thomas Dawson or 1615 by Gervase Markham.


Original Recipes:


1587 from The Good Huswife's Jewell by Thomas Dawson:

To make fine Cakes.

Take fine flowre and good damaske wa∣ter you must haue no other liquor but that, then take sweete butter, two or thrée yolkes of egges, and a good quantitie of su∣ger, and afewe cloues, and mace, as your Cookes mouth shall serue him, and a litle saffron, and a litle Gods good about a spon∣ful if you put in too much they shall arise, cut them in squares like vnto trenchers, and pricke them well, and let your ouen be well swept and lay them vpon papers and so set them into the ouen, do not burn them if they be three or foure dayes olde they be the better.




1615 from The English Huswife by Gervase Markham

To make fine cakes.
  
Take a pottle of fine flower, and a pound of butter, and a pound of Sugar, a little Mace, and good store of water to mingle the flowers into a stiff paste, and a good season of Salt, and so knead it, and roul out the Cakes thin, and bake them on papers.





My Interpretations of the Recipes:


1587:

1 cup flour
1/2 cup sugar
4 Tbsp unsalted butter
1/8 tsp ground clove
1/8 tsp ground mace
pinch saffron
2 egg yolks
2 Tbsp rosewater
1 tsp yeast

Preheat the oven to 350ºF. Mix the ingredients together. Bake for 13-14 minutes.
Yield: 18 cookies



1615:

1 cup flour
1/4 cup sugar
1/8 tsp mace
4 Tbsp butter
1/4 cup water
1/8 tsp salt

Preheat the oven to 350ºF. Mix the ingredients together. Bake for 15 minutes.
Yield: 15 cookies

For an instructional video, please click here.

Flip Through the Pages of the English Huswife Online Yourself

Want to see an original recipe in the English Huswife book?

You can flip through the pages of the digital version of this book here.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

To Make Fine Cracknels

This recipe is from Thomas Dawson's 1587 book called The Good Huswife's Jewell, which can be found online here.




Original recipe:


To make fine cracknels.

Take fine flower and a good quantitie of egges as many as wil supply the flowre, then take as much suger as will swéeten the past, and if you will not be at the cost to rayse it with egges, then put thereto swéet water Synamome and a good quantitie of nutmegges and mace, according to your bread, take a good quantitie of Annis séede, and let all this be blended with your flower, and the putting in of your egges or other moysture, then set on your water and let it be at séething, before you put your Crackenelles in it they will goe to the bottome and at their rising take them out and drie them with a cloth then bake them.


My interpretation of the recipe:

Ingredients:
2 cups flour
1/4 cup sugar
1 egg
1 tsp cinnamon
1/2 tsp nutmeg
1/8 tsp mace
1/4 tsp anise seed
1/2 cup water

Preheat the oven to 350ºF. Mix the ingredients together, saving the flour for last. Roll out balls and boil them for 1-2 minutes in water. Then, place the balls on a towel to dry for 5 minutes. Place balls on a cookie sheet (with butter or non-stick spray already applied to the cookie sheet). Bake for 30 minutes. Flip the cracknels, if possible, at least once or twice while baking. Otherwise, one side will brown much more than the other side when they're done baking.
Yield is approximately 24 cracknels.


For verbal instructions and to watch cracknels be made, please follow along with this video here.

Sunday, March 1, 2020

To Make Fine Bread

This recipe was published in 1587 by Thomas Dawson in the The Good Huswife's Jewell. The original recipe can be found here.




Original Recipe

"Take halfe a pound of fine suger well beaten, and as much Flower, and put thereto foure Egges whites, and being ve∣ry wel beaten, you must mingle them with Anniseedes bruised, and being all beaten together, put into your mould melting the sawce ouer first with a litle butter, and set it in the Ouen, & turne it twice or thrice in the baking." (Dawson)



My Interpretation of the Recipe

Half a pound of sugar equals approximately 1 cup. "And as much flower." Originally, I interpreted this to mean half a pound of flower. So, for my first experiment, I used 1 3/4 cup of flour. I found this to be too much flour for the ratio of 3 to 4 egg whites and ended up having to add in a 5th egg white to make my dough work.

So, my suggested recipe is:

1 cup sugar
1 1/4 cup flour
3-4 egg whites
1 tsp anise seed
1 Tbsp unsalted butter (for buttering your pan)

Preheat the oven to 325ºF. Mix the ingredients together. Bake for approximately 40 minutes.

To watch a step by step instructional video, please click here. Please note that this video is of my first experiment with the extra flour and extra egg white added.

To Make Egges in Mone Shine

This recipe is from The Proper Newe Booke of Cokerye by William How, which was published in 1575. To read the transcription from this book, please visit this link.

The recipe is called To Make Egges in Mone Shine. This is not moonshine as we know it today, but refers to the moonlight.




Original Recipe:

To make egges in mone shine.
Take a dishe of rose water, and a dishe
full of suger, and set them upon a cha-
fingdish, and let them boile, then take the
yolkes of 8. or 9. egges newlaid, and put
them therto, every one from other, and
so let them harden a little, and so after
this maner serve them forth, and cast a
little Cinnamon and suger.

 


My Interpretation of this Recipe:

1 Tbsp rosewater
2 Tbsp water
4 tsp sugar
1 egg


Please watch this video here for a step by step instruction. Combine the waters and sugar, stirring over low heat. After the sugar dissolves, add the egg. For every additional egg, multiply the measurements by the number of eggs being cooked (for example, if cooking 4 eggs, then use 4 Tbsp of rosewater). Cook the eggs until the whites are cooked, but the yolk is still runny. Plate the eggs. Then, sprinkle cinnamon and sugar on top. Enjoy!

 


 

To Make Sinamom Water

Here is the original recipe from 1587 written by Thomas Dawson in The Good Huswife's Jewell:


To make Sinamom water.

TAke Rennish wine a quart, or Spanish wine a pint, rose water a pint & a halfe, Sinamom brused a pound and a halfe, let these stand infused the space of foure and twentie houres, then destill it, and beeing close stopped and luted, then with a soft fire destill the same softly in a Limbeck of glasse and receiue the first water by it selfe.
Also if ye be so disposed to make the same water weaker, take thrée pints of rose wa∣ter, and a pint and a halfe of Rennish wine, and so distill the same, and you shall haue to the qualitie of stuffe the quantie of the wa∣ter, which is three pints, but the first is best, and so reserue it to your vse both morning and euening.



Rennish wine is a German white or rose wine from the Rhine river area. A Riesling would work for this purpose. A quart equals 4 cups. For the rosewater, a pint and half equals 3 cups. To bruise cinnamon, pound it with a mortar and pestle. A pound and a half of cinnamon equals approximately 6 cups.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Bananas Foster Inspired Bread

Do you love the dessert known as Bananas Foster? Me too! The first time that I had it was when I was in New Orleans. It's delicious!

So, I decided to try making a banana bread inspired by this fantastic dessert. Check out the video of how to bake this bread here.

Ingredients:
1/2 cup unsalted butter
1 cup brown sugar
1 3/4 cup flour
1 tsp cinnamon
1 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp salt
4-5 mashed bananas
2 eggs

Preheat the oven to 350º F. Spray non-stick cooking spray into a loaf pan. Bake for about 1 hour, or until a toothpick comes out clean (push in a toothpick and then pull it out to see if any unbaked batter sticks to the toothpick).



Monday, February 17, 2020

Making a Cob Oven to Bake In

I wanted a more historically accurate oven to bake in, instead of our electric oven. So, my husband built me a brick cob oven. It has clay on the inside and outside, with the brick as structure to hold the clay in place.

To check out how the oven was built, please visit here.

I also did my first baking in this oven! To watch, please check it out here.


Saturday, February 15, 2020

Making Rose Water

Since a good number of historic recipes call for rose water, I decided to make my own. Damask roses (more floral scented) out of your garden are preferred for this (potentially no fear of pesticides). In my opinion, pink roses are the best for this project. The rose color should not be too light. Otherwise, it makes it difficult, when it's simmering, to tell when the color has drained from the petals. However, if the rose color is too dark, it just does not look as appetizing when it's done (again, in my opinion), but it does make it quite easy to tell when the color has drained from the petals.

However, due to time and financial constraints, I chose to buy some after-Valentine's Day red roses on sale. If you follow this route, make sure to rinse your roses well to remove any potential pesticides before use. I found online that adding baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) degrades pesticides. Therefore, I soaked the roses in a baking soda and water mixture twice, both times followed by rinsing with more water. Please note that the darker the rose, the darker your rosewater will be.



In Tudor times, the water would have most likely been carried in from the local watering source (like a river) by wooden buckets. So, I used regular tap water for this project (my local watering source).  After thoroughly washing and rinsing the rose petals, I put them on the stove to simmer until the color was drained from the petals. Then, I removed the petals and allowed the rosewater to cool for about 30 minutes.


Once the rosewater has cooled, it can keep for about a week at room temperature. If the rosewater is needed for a later time, pour some of the liquid into an ice cube tray and freeze it for later use.

For an instructional video on how to do make rosewater, please click here to follow along with my video.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Making 17th Century Tudor Wafers with a Modern Waffle Maker

Gervase Markham wrote "The English Huswife" in 1615. Below is the original recipe from his book:






A Similar 15th Century Wafer Recipe

"ORIGINAL RECEIPT:
.xxiiij. Waffres. Take þe Wombe of A luce, & seþe here wyl, & do it on a morter, & tender cheese þer-to, grynde hem y-fere; þan take flowre an whyte of Eyroun & bete to-gedere, þen take Sugre an pouder of Gyngere, & do al to-gerderys, & loke þat þin Eyroun ben hote, & ley þer-on of þin paste, & þan make þin waffrys, & serue yn.
- Austin, Thomas. Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery-Books. Harleian MS. 279 & Harl. MS. 4016, with extracts from Ashmole MS. 1429, Laud MS. 553, & Douce MS 55. London: for The Early English Text Society by N. Trübner & Co., 1888." (Matterer)



Modern Recipe
 
1/2 cup flour
1/3 cup cream
1 egg yolk
1 Tbsp rose water
3 Tbsp sugar
1/8 tsp cinnamon
1/8 tsp salt
(Myers)


Method

Combine all of the ingredients together. Spray non-sticking spray on to the waffle iron. Spoon out into a waffle maker. Cook until golden brown.


Instructional Video and Further Information

To watch an instructional video on how to make wafers with a modern waffle maker, please visit here. To learn more about the history of Tudor wafers, please visit here.

The main difference between using a traditional wafer iron and the modern waffle maker is that the waffle maker makes the wafers more fluffy like a modern waffle. In the Tudor period, wafers were thinner and crispier than the waffles that we know today. Wafers in the Tudor period were similar to the waffle cones that we associate today with ice cream.


History

"Wafer comes from Old Norman French waufre and French gaufre. Both words had the sense of honeycomb, and confections bearing that name, including wafers and waffles, are duly so patterned to this day... Le Menagerie, about 1393, gives several recipes: one calls for adding flour, wine, and salt to beaten eggs and placing dough in the amount of 'a slide of cheese' between the heated irons." (Hess)
"Wafers were produced by the Yeomen of the Wafery in the ‘Wafery’ itself, a warm dry room in the Hampton Court kitchens that was near the other confectionary offices. Wafers are high-status food, involving specialist skills, great heat, and a quick turnaround." (Worsley)



Works Cited

Hess, Karen. Martha Washington's Booke of Cookery. 1995. Columbia University Press: New York, NY. P. 154.

Markham, Gervase. The English Huswife. Hannah Sawbridge, London. 1615. https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ2KV5vfzqYC&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=the+english+housewife+wafers&source=bl&ots=rIZGdgiY2P&sig=ACfU3U2vBDmXBDV8HXxn9P0lWZReacJf_Q&hl=en&ppis=_e&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp6bPfic_nAhUDT98KHeKcAl8Q6AEwC3oECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=the%20english%20housewife%20wafers&f=false. 30 March 2019.

Matterer, James L. "Waffres." A Boke of Gode Cookery. 2000. http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/grec43.htm. 15 May 2006.

Myers, Daniel. "Wafers." Medieval Cookery." 2020. http://medievalcookery.com/recipes/wafers.html. 13 February 2020.

Worsley, Lucy. "How to Make a Tudor Wafer." 2019. https://www.lucyworsley.com/how-to-make-a-tudor-wafer/. 13 February 2020.

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Medieval Plastic Wrap: Beeswax Soaked Linen

Beeswax soaked linen was the medieval version of today's plastic wrap. For more information on this, I highly recommend watching this video.

First, I cut out circles larger than the circle for the top of my container.




Then, I spread shaved bits of beeswax on top of the linen circles in a disposable pan.

Image may contain: food


Bake in an oven at about 150 degrees F until the beeswax melts. Beeswax will start to discolor at 185 degrees F and will ignite at 400 degrees F. Use a disposable brush if you need to move beeswax chunks around on the fabric.


Image may contain: food


Once the beeswax has melted, quickly remove it from the oven and off the pan. I used two disposable chopsticks to pull the circles up. The beeswax cools quickly and the fabric can adhere to the pan if you do not remove it fast enough.

Image may contain: flower and nature


Once the linen has cooled, it can be used for the intended container. If it starts to lose its durability, re-melt beeswax on the fabric to stiffen it back up again.



Below are examples of this beeswax soaked linen being used in history:





14th century in the French National Library



The 15th century painting of the Annunciation with Saint Emidius (look above her head in the painting), available at the National Gallery.

How to Make Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Medieval Hippocras

Hippocras is a wine sweetened with spices and sugar. "Sangria, punch and bishop wine all are descendants of spiced wines that have been drunk since Antiquity." (Muusers)

When hippocras was historically made, the lords received hippocras made with sugar, while the lower ranked people received hippocras made with honey. For more information on the history of hippocras, please visit here.

Many historical recipes exist for this delicious drink!
 
"To make Hypocrase.
Take a gallon of white wine, suger two
pound, of sinamon ij d. ginger ij d. long
Pepper ij d. Mace ij d. not brused, Graines
ij d. Gallingall j d.od. Cloues not brused,
you must bruse euery kinde of spice a litle, &
put them in an earthen pot all a day, & then
cast them through your bags two times or
more as you see cause, and so drinke it." (Dawson)
 

 

 Click the recipe to find out more ("Ypocras")

A French recipe from 1847 and its translation can be found here. Various other historical recipes can be found here. "The first recipe of hippocras (ypocrasse or ypocras) was written in English, in the Forme of Cury in 1390:

Pur fait Ypocras:
Treys Unces de canell. Et iij unces de gyngener. spykenard de Spayn le pays dun deneres. garyngale. clowes, gylofre. poivr long, noiez mugadez. maziozame cardemonij de chescun i.qrt douce grayne [?] de paradys flour de queynel de chescun dimid unce de toutes. soit fait powdour and serve it forth. 

Our proposed translation:
To make hippocras. Three ounces of cinnamon and three ounces of ginger. One denier (penny) worth of spikenard of Spain. Galangal, cloves, long pepper and nutmeg. Marjoram and cardamom, a quarter ounce for each. Grains of paradise (or guinea grains) and cinnamon flower, a tenth ounce for each. So make the powder and use it." (Hunt)

Hippocras recipes can also be found in these historical books:
  • 1393, Ménagier de Paris: pour faire ung lot de bon ypocras.
  • 15th century, the printed edition of the Viandier de Taillevent: ypocras. 
  • 1500,  A Noble Book of Festes Royalle and Cokery, Richard Pynson
  • 1508, The booke of Kervinge and Sewing
  • 1529, Libro de guisados, Ruperto de Nola (version in castillan of Llibre del Coch)
  • 1555, La pratique de faire toutes confitures, condiments, distillations d'eaux odoriférantes & plusieurs autres recettes très utiles (6 recipes of hipocras and one receipe of piment).
  • 1593, Secreti, Stefano Francesco di Romolo Rossetti 
  • 1596, The Good Huswifes Jewell, Thomas Dawson
  • 1600, Le théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs, Olivier de Serres.
  • 1607, Le trésor de santé.
  • 1660, Le confiturier françois, Massialot
  • 1689, Le sieur de La Varanne, recipe of white hipocras
  • 1692, La Maison réglée d'Audiger: to make a good white and red hipocras
  • 1723, The cooks and confectioners Dictionary, John Nott
  • 18e?, Le Petit Albert: to make rapidly an excellent hipocras
  • 1768, Le Cannameliste français
  • 1850, La cuisinière de la campagne et de la ville (The country and city cook).
One easy recipe for hippocras can be found here, which also suggests using grape juice instead of wine for a non-alcoholic version.


For today's adventure in the kitchen, I chose to interpret and recreate May's Ipocras "Otherways" recipe:

Otherways.
Take to a pottle of wine, an ounce of cinamon, an ounce of ginger, an ounce of nutmegs, a quarter of an ounce of cloves, seven corns of pepper, a handful of rosemary-flowers, and two pound of sugar. (May)


My interpretation of the above recipe:

750 mL white wine (or use white grape juice for a non-alcoholic drink)
2 1/2 tsp cinnamon
2 1/2 tsp ginger
2 1/2 tsp nutmeg
1/2 tsp ground clove
3 peppercorns
1 sprig rosemary
1 3/4 cup sugar

Mix the ingredients together and bring to a boil. Boil for about 30 seconds, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat and let sit for 2 hours. Bottle and serve chilled. This can also be served warm, similar to mulled apple cider.

If the above recipe is too thick to your liking, please dilute it with water to suit your taste.

For video instructions on the above recipe, please visit here.

* The original recipe calls for a pottle of wine. A pottle is an Old English term that equals 2 quarts (1.9 Liters). * 



Works Cited

Dawson, Thomas. The Good Huswifes Jewell. 1596. http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/ghj1596.txt. 4 February 2020.

Hunt, Leah. "Hippocras." https://www.oldcook.com/en/medieval-hippocras. 4 February 2020.

May, Robert. The Accomplisht Cook. England, 1660. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22790/22790-h/cook1.html. 4 February 2020.

Muusers, Christianne. "Hippocras, a Medieval Digestive." 25 November 2019. https://coquinaria.nl/en/hippocras-mp/. 4 February 2020.
"Ypocras." Historic Food. https://www.historicfood.com/Ypocras.htm. 4 February 2020.